Adolf Hitler Essays (1973 words) - Politics, Nazi Germany

Adolf Hitler ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the night of April twentieth, 1889 a youngster was conceived in the humble community of Branau, Austria. The name of the kid was Adolf Hitler. He was the child a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third spouse Klara. As a little youngster Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the nearby ensemble. One day he cut an image into the seat which took after the Swastika he later utilized as the image of the Nazi party. He was an entirely decent understudy. He got great imprints in the vast majority of his classes. Anyway in his last year of school he bombed German and Mathematics, and just prevailing in Gym and Drawing. He hung out of school at 16 years old, spending an aggregate of 10 years in school. From youth one it was his fantasy to turn into a craftsman or designer. He was not a terrible craftsman, as his enduring compositions and drawings appear however he never demonstrated any inventiveness or innovative creative mind. T o fullfil his fantasy he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of expressions was found. He bombed the first occasion when he attempted to get affirmation and in the following year, 1907 he attempted again and was exceptionally certain about progress. Shockingly he flopped once more. Truth be told the Dean of the foundation was not intrigued with his presentation, and gave him an extremely tough time and said to him You will never be painter. The dismissal truly squashed him as he currently arrived at an impasse. He was unable to apply to the school of engineering as he had no secondary school confirmation. During the following 35 years of his live the youngster always remembered the dismissal he got in the senior member's office that day. Numerous Historians like to hypothesize what might have happened IF.... maybe the modest community kid would have had more talent....or IF the Dean had been somewhat less basic, the world may have been saved the bad dream in to which this kid was in the long run to plunge it. 2. WORLD WAR I While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing little pictures of well known tourist spots which he sold as post cards. Be that as it may, he was consistently poor. He was additionally a standard peruser of a little paper which asserted that the Araban race was better than all and was bound to lead the world. The paper accused Communists and Jews for every one of their issues and hitler consented to those perspectives. Hitler concur with the majority of the focuses made in the distribution. He kept on living a poor live in Vienna and in 1913 chose to move to Munich. As yet living in Vienna and being Austrain by birth, Hitler demonstrated more steadfastness to the Geramny. He imagined that the Aryan race was bound to manage the world. Many accept that he attempted to get away from the draft however it was rarely demonstrated. His live in Munich was very little better then previously and he kept on being p oor. At that point in 1914 World War I broke out and Hitler considered this to be an extraordinary chance to demonstrate his dependability to the mother country by chipping in for the Imperial armed force. He would not like to battle in the Austrian Army. Hitler was a decent fighter. Huge numbers of political rivals asserted that he was a quitter yet records plainly show that he was definitely not. He got to grants of valiance however never accomplished a high Rank. In 1918 Germany gave up and Hitler was disturbed about the misfortune. He accepted that it was the Jews and the Communists who double-crossed the country and it was here that his detesting of the Jews in all likelihood started. Germany after the war was in disarray. With no genuine Government to control the nation, numerous gatherings attempted to take control. One day a major socialist gathering organized a major mob however another gathering of ex-fighters including Hitler figured out how to keep them down. 3. THE NAZI PARTY Since there were very few possibilities for business Hitler remained in the military. Hitler was appointed the activity of going go to different gatherings of gatherings which sprang

Great Literature - Some Things Never Change :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Extraordinary Literature - Some Things Never Change Extraordinary writing is a book or bit of writing that goes through the ages and permits the peruser to relate to the characters. Another component that makes incredible writing are ethics that fit with each passing age. The last component of extraordinary writing is courage. A case of writing that goes through the ages is Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. By not connecting current generalizations and measures to characters, Holden Caulfield is an immortal character. Every age that has perused the book has had the option to relate to his shenanigans. Lashing out at his instructors and accepting various characters to fit in is a typical thing among young people. Expounding on issues that normal individuals experience is another way writing goes starting with one age then onto the next. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a kid's battle against society's guidelines. Most youngsters oppose society and any type of power. Fleeing from home and issues is an idea most young people consider. Ethics that go starting with one age then onto the next are significant in writing. An artistic model is The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne. The majority of the ethics contained in the book are strict. Being devoted to a life partner has consistently been a significant good, particularly in Puritan New England where infidelity was considered as terrible as murder. Indeed, even idea two-faced mates aren't looked downward on now as seriously as in Puritan New England, it is one thing that is still instructed reliably in chapel and in the home as being awful. Another abstract model is The Odyssey by Homer. Progressively brave and persevering ethics are introduced in the epic sonnet. Try sincerely and you will acquire what you need or want and positive attitude consistently triumph over wickedness are the principle ethics in the epic sonnet. The last component that makes incredible writing is courage. In spite of the fact that the character might be battling old divine beings, evil spirits, beasts, or their own fate, a peruser can downsize the size of the battle and apply it to their life.

Can listening to favorite music heal free essay sample

Presently, contingent upon the class youre tuning in to by then, youre grinning and upbeat. For instance, the tune titled Happy by Parallel Williams is a perky melody with positive verses. Though, some downright awful awesome music can once in a while drive you feel mad, discouraged, or both. In the Global Post article portraying the connection among music and childrens conduct, Children who tune in to substantial metal music have a more prominent penchant for substance misuse and other dangerous practices during youthfulness, as per the American Association of Pediatrics (Wade, 014, Para. ). Studies are finding that desensitizing verses with negative messages will in general empower misbehaver that is rough or against social. There is additionally motivating music and music that is dismal, yet assists with recuperating your heart when managing a friends and family passing. Music has additionally caused one to feel settled in their environmental factors. Music likewise makes our bodies move. 2). Studies are finding that desensitizing verses with negative messages will in general energize getting out of hand that is rough or hostile to social. There is additionally moving music and music that is dismal, however assists with mending your heart when managing a friends and family passing. Music has additionally caused one to feel settled in their environmental factors. Music additionally makes our bodies move. Research on the impacts of music during exercise has been accomplished for a long time. In 1911, an American scientist, Leonard Ares, found that individuals pedal quicker while tuning in to USIA than they did peacefully. This happens on the grounds that tuning in to music can overwhelm our cerebrums cries of weakness. As our body acknowledges were worn out and needs to quit working out, it imparts signs to the cerebrum to stop for a break. This is for the most part advantageous for low-and moderate-force work out (Cooper, 2013). Playing various kinds of instruments makes our bodies move also. Tuning in to music during housework is an extraordinary method to move.You can move senseless and nobody is around to see it. Music makes us move. Finally, music has been utilized In treatment for a long time. Music treatment can begin with strongholds, for example, shaking a mood shaker egg, maracas, or drumming in beat with others, or it can turn into a propelled practice recorded as a hard copy expressive verses and singing with a gathering. The advantage of music helping during a remedial technique is individuals with cerebrum wounds can initiate the mind in exchange ways, permitting them to recover development or speech.Studies show that individuals, particularly among teenagers experiencing despondency and bitterness, when tarring to tune in to positive music really brings down the requirement for segregate. Additionally, when kids with formative incapacities, tune in to music they love it gives them a new better approach to impart and the sentiment of being free. A case of the recuperating intensity of music is to watch video an about Henry, an elderly person who has been living in a nursing home for a long time. Like a few people his age, Henry is experiencing dementia.He overlooks things effectively and has lost huge numbers of his psychological the medical caretakers found that on the off chance that they let him tune in to his preferred music from an earlier time, e is in a split second changed with life vitality, and out of nowhere ready to have discussions Ninth the individuals around him. Music revives his body and brain. It really is an astonishing case of the recuperating intensity of music. Taking everything into account, music really powerfully affects our lives. It very well may be helpful, make our bodies move, alongside mixing our feelings. So what will you listen today around evening time? References: Lilly Joules quote and my theory.

The Myth of the Fully-Funded PhD Using Scholarships to Mitigate the Financial Realities of Research Degrees

When you decide to go to graduate school of any kind, you are making a financial decision that will dramatically affect your earning capacity for the duration of the program and throughout your life. While the caliber of school, available mentorship opportunities, and research resources are important factors to consider when making a decision about which university to attend, students often forget to carefully assess the financial realities associated with each opportunity. The financial decision surrounding attending graduate school Unlike students in professional graduate programs, most PhD students do not plan to pursue high-paying careers, and they depend on the fact that doctoral programs automatically include â€Å"full funding† to offset the cost of long-term research degrees. Though many graduate students receive admissions offers that are referred to as â€Å"fully-funded,† such funding packages require PhD students to teach multiple years in exchange for tuition waivers and teaching stipends. Once students start to work for the university and balance their many responsibilities, they quickly realize that â€Å"full-funding† isn’t exactly the same as a â€Å"scholarship† or a â€Å"full-ride.† Common misconceptions about what it means to be â€Å"fully-funded† Depending on the university and its location, the value of one’s teaching stipend in relationship to workload and cost of living can vary greatly. In reality, graduate student teaching stipends for students who live in large United States cities are not enough to cover basic necessities. As a result, most graduate students go into additional debt to complete their programs. Since tenure-track jobs have become increasingly elusive in the United States university system, today’s doctoral students must also satisfy a growing list of requirements to be considered for well-paying and stable teaching positions upon graduation. The added responsibilities associated with producing early publications, progressing through the degree quickly, regularly attending conferences, and pursuing ongoing professionalization or certification opportunities all require significant time commitments. However, since doctoral students must work for the university in order to waive tuition and fees, they cannot devote all of their time to academic and professional progress. To avoid burnout and set aside more time for completing research, I suggest that prospective and current graduate students continuously apply for extramural funding, research fellowships, and community-based scholarships throughout their degrees. How the academic culture deemphasizes the financial aspects of the work The common phrase â€Å"no one goes into a PhD to make money† is thrown around frequently in academic settings, and seems to suggest that pursuits related to funding are selfish and â€Å"anti-intellectual.† Especially in the humanities and social sciences, there is significant cultural importance placed on the fact that academia is not about money, and that academic careers are shaped by intellectual merit, not an individual’s financial capacity to stay in school. Historically, however, the option to waive tuition in return for a few years of university teaching was an affordable way to enable individuals to pursue intellectual projects in the not-for-profit environment of the public university. One generation ago, doctoral students transitioned into tenure-track jobs with much more ease than those currently on the market. They also entered public institutions carrying far less student debt, and upon employment, they received guaranteed state pensions and salaries commensurate with the cost of living. In today’s public university, the labor commitments of teaching assistants have grown significantly while the pay has not caught up with the steep rise in the cost of living for most university hubs. For example, throughout my graduate program at UCLA, I received between $15,000 and $22,000 in annual pay as a teaching or staff stipend. Given that my Los Angeles rent was upwards of $1,200 per month and rising, I was unable to continue my degree without applying for extramural grants and taking on work outside of the university. Furthermore, the number of tenure track positions is diminishing so it is unlikely that I will ever make the stable and generous income to which my advisors have access. So the cultural norms of the intellectual community, which eschew any discussion of financial wellness, are no longer sustainable for most graduate students. Though most graduate programs do not emphasize the financial aspects of navigating life as a student researcher and university employee, I have found that the pursuit of additional funding is neither a greedy nor an â€Å"anti-intellectual† use of my time in graduate school. Rather it is a great way to empower myself to set aside more time for conducting critical research and preparing for a successful career. Strategies for applying for funding throughout your doctoral degree In addition to my own efforts to build funding applications into my graduate studies, as a Student Affairs Advisor at the UCLA Scholarship Resource Center, I have worked with graduate students to generate strategies for incorporating annual cycles of grant writing into their studies. Here are some of the most important takeaways from that work: Apply for extramural funding while you are applying for the degree Most applicants are so anxious about whether or not they will be accepted to their desired PhD program that they don’t think about funding until after they’ve found out where they have gotten in. But there are a number of organizations, like the Ford Foundation, the Paul Daisy Soros Foundation, the Stanford-Knight Hennessey Scholars Program, the National Science Foundation, and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation, that offer funding for prospective graduate students. Like university admission applications, these also run on an annual cycle that requires students to apply one year before they plan to enroll in school. So, if you are planning to spend this fall putting together applications for graduate school, it is well worth it to add a number of fellowship applications to your list as well. Even if you aren’t successful with your first round of applications you will be well prepared to add scholarship applications to your graduate school routine. This is an activity that you should engage in throughout your entire degree, and you have to start somewhere! Upon acceptance, carefully read the letter of admission as if it were a job offer and employment contract Below are some questions that you should be able to answer by carefully analyzing your letter of admission. If you can’t answer them, try to find out the answers before you make your decision. †¢ How many years of teaching assistantship does the university commit to you? How many students are you responsible for teaching, assessing, and holding office hours with for each term? †¢ Are there stipulations related to your progress through the degree that may create limitations on your access to university funding or campus work opportunities? †¢ Does your status as university student or staff come with health benefits? †¢ Does your university have a union for teaching assistants? If so, what employee rights do you have through your union membership? Pay close attention to issues of pay related to maternity leave, medical leave, absence in the case of the death of a family member, and access to childcare. †¢ Is there an employee handbook for student staff and teaching assistants? †¢ What is the pay scale associated with the teaching positions that the university has offered you? Research the cost of living in the area in relation to anticipated pay Before you decide where to go to school, do the research about your housing options. How much does university housing cost? Are there other options? Some universities offer annual budgets on their websites that include the cost of housing, but you have to analyze these carefully to understand how these budgets translate to your degree. For instance, UCLA’s estimated cost of attendance for graduate students only lists the annual budget for the academic year, which consists of 8 months. So you’d have to add four months of summer expenses in order to get a true sense of the living costs associated with each calendar year. Map out the sections of the degree that go with different types of funding Once you’ve chosen a university, I would suggest that you map out the various phases of the program, the skillsets that you wish to build, and the accomplishments that you will achieve as you progress through the degree. There are different types of funding for every step of progress that you make, and if you are intentional about identifying related funding you can apply for specific opportunities throughout. Here are some examples of different achievements or degree phases associated with specific funding opportunities: †¢ 2-3 years of coursework †¢ Conference travel †¢ Master’s exam period †¢ Master’s thesis writing year †¢ Language study †¢ Building a technical or quantitative analytical methodology †¢ Preliminary fieldwork or archival research †¢ Prospectus development †¢ Qualifying exam period †¢ Preliminary dissertation research †¢ Primary fieldwork or archival research †¢ Dissertation writing year Build an annual routine of writing funding proposals throughout your degree Most research-related funding opportunities do not pay out until a full academic year after the application submission period. This means that you should plan out your goals an entire year in advance, and apply for funding in the year before you carry out the projects and goals that you propose in your application materials. If you can continuously conceptualize your degree in the long-term, you will be able to anticipate the types of funding that will support your progress. Plan ahead for paid summer opportunities Whether you work for the institution or not, it will likely be up to you to cover the cost of your summers during graduate school. Rather than wait until summer starts to figure out how you’re going to pay the bills, start making plans the preceding fall. You may find paid opportunities to conduct research, fieldwork, or language study during your summer. But you also have the option to take on paid internships in a number of research fields in both the public and private sectors. Do you need help with your PhD admissions or PhD funding applications? Our expert advisors are here to walk you through the PhD application process, from strategy-building to final send-off. Check out our Graduate School Admissions Consulting Editing Services for more information on how we can help you GET ACCEPTEDwith funding! By Rebecca Lippman, Accepted consultant. Prior to working at Accepted Rebecca worked as a Student Affairs Advisor at the UCLA Scholarship Resource Center. She has taught undergraduate and graduate students how to write large grant applications for grants awarded by organizations such as Fulbright Student Program, Gates Cambridge Scholarship, Knight-Hennessy Scholars, Ford Foundation, Paul Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans, and the National Science Foundation. Rebecca has a masters degree from University of Cambridge, and is currently pursuing a PhD in Comparative Literature at UCLA. Want Rebecca to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ 5 Fatal Flaws to Avoid in Your Grad School Statement of Purpose, a free guide †¢ How to Write About Your Research Interests †¢ Awards! Grants! Scholarships! Oh My! a podcast episode

How to Deal with Bad Lab Partners

Have you ever taken a lab class and had lab partners that didnt do their share of the work, broke equipment, or wouldnt work together with you? This situation can be really hard, but there are steps you can take to make things better. Talk to Your Lab Partners This may be harder than it sounds if your problem is that you and your lab partners dont speak the same language (which is relatively common in science and engineering), but you can improve your working relationship with your lab partners if you can explain to them whats bothering you. Also, you need to explain what you would like them to do that you feel would make things better. Be prepared to compromise, since your lab partner may want you to make some changes, too. Keep in mind, you and your partner may come from very different cultures, even if youre from the same country. Avoid sarcasm or being too nice because theres a good chance you wont get your message across. If language is a problem, seek an interpreter or draw pictures, if necessary. If One or Both of You Dont Want to Be There The work still has to get done. If you know your partner wont do it, yet your grade or your career is on the line, you need to accept that youre going to do all of the work. Now, you can still make sure it is evident your partner was slacking. On the other hand, if you both resent doing the work, its reasonable to work out an arrangement. You might find you work better together once you acknowledge you hate the task. Willing but Unable If you have a lab partner who is willing to help, yet incompetent or klutzy, try to find harmless tasks that allow the partner to participate without damaging your data or your health. Ask for input, let the partner record data and try to avoid stepping on toes. If the clueless partner is a permanent fixture in your environment, its in your best interest to train them. Start with simple tasks, clearly explaining the steps, reasons for specific actions, and desired results. Be friendly and helpful, not condescending. If you are successful in your task, youll gain a valuable ally in the lab and possibly even a friend. Theres Bad Blood Between You Maybe you and your lab partner had an argument or theres past history. Perhaps you simply dont like each other. Unfortunately, its not always possible to escape from such a situation. You can ask your supervisor to reassign one or both of you, but youll run the risk of getting a reputation of being hard to work with. If you decide to ask for a change, its probably better to cite a different reason for the request. If you absolutely must work together, try setting boundaries that limit how much you actually have to interact. Make your expectations clear so both of you can do the work and retreat. Take It to the Next Level Its better to try to work out problems with your lab partners than to seek intervention from a teacher or supervisor. However, you might need help or advice from someone higher up. This might be the case when you realize you cant meet a deadline or complete an assignment without more time or changing the work dynamic. If you decide to talk to someone about your problems, present the situation calmly and without bias. You have a problem; you need help finding a solution. This may be difficult, but its a valuable skill to master. Practice Makes Perfect Having trouble with lab partners comes with the territory. The social skills you can master dealing with lab partners will help you, whether youre only taking one lab class or are making a career out of lab work. No matter what you do, youll have to learn to work well with others, including people who are incompetent, lazy or just dont want to work with you. If you are making a career in science, you need to recognize and accept youll be a member of a team.

Thematic Apperception Test Personality Assessment

Thematic Apperception Test for Personality Assessment Karen Y. Long Park University Test and Measurement September 2010 Abstract The history of the Thematic Apperception Test is controversial. This test was published in 1943 and is still widely used today. Being able to look at a photo card as a stimulus for storytelling was a breakthrough for personality testing. This test has its share of controversy as far as reliability, validity and cultural implications. Key words; thematic, validity, reliability, personality. Thematic Apperception Test for Personality Assessment Personality test has been around for over a century and new ones are still being produced. Two of the most frequently used personality test is the Rorschach Inkblot†¦show more content†¦Examples of the cards are a girl standing alone looking as if she had been frightened, and a young man and older man standing together with the older man pointing as if making a point or arguing with the younger man. The directions can be modified for children and adults with limited intelligence. The cards are kept faced down until needed. The examiner must record all the responses by hand or machine. In order to get all the nonverbal, you may have to take hand notes. This test is not scored like other test. Keep in mind that there are no right and wrong answers; there is no normative scoring system. Experts who use the test recommend that clinicians obtain background history including personal and medical information from the individuals in order to have a base to go on when evaluating the test. The original scoring system by Murray is deemed time-consuming and cumbersome and not used as much today. New scoring systems have been developed that use fewer variables â€Å"for examples, hostility or depression†. These new systems lack comprehensiveness but are good for clinical use. Two of the scoring systems are The Defense Mechanisms Manual (DMM) was developed to use with the TAT. 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Business Research Report Attitudes - Values and Beliefs

Question: Discuss about the Business Research Report Attitudes, Values and Beliefs. Answer: Background to the study, the research question/objectives/hypothesis and/or topic, the researchers and the target audience This report comprises of a review of a social research survey carried out in 2008 by the Centre for Social Research and Evaluation and published in 2010, authored by Fleur McLaren on the attitude, values and beliefs on violence within New Zealand families. The survey was based on a background that a lot of violent cases within families where intimate relationships exist, are as a result of attitudes, beliefs and values that excuse violence within the society, at different times (McLaren 2010). Further, the background to the study indicates that a lot of violent partners and/or individuals in families hold different views towards violence and could excuse it as the best option at some points. The effects of violence are many but some individuals only believe that violence is not harmful as long as there are no physical injuries (McLaren 2010). Even so, this is not the case and therefore, the research would later indicate the need to still fight family violence due to other effects suc h as mental problems among others. The survey was carried out in order to come up with actions that the New Zealand communities could fight the war against violence in homes and in relationships. The research targeted men, women, children and the elderly in New Zealand (McLaren 2010). However, the information is intended to reach all concerned parties including human rights institutions, policy advocacy groups, the communities in general and the New Zealand government, more so the law making arm, and the judiciary. The objectives of the study included to; determine the different definitions of family violence by New Zealanders; gauge their levels of awareness on family violence, determine different attitudes held by New Zealanders regarding family violence and measuring the extent at which New Zealanders are ready to take appropriate action against cases of family violence. Research Methods Used Outlining Their Strengths, Limitations and Appropriateness for the Research Question/Objectives/Hypothesis and/or Topic The survey involved the use of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews that were served to respondents in households in areas including Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, Dunedin, Hastings/Napier, Invercargill, Whangarei, Palmerston North, Rotorua, New Plymouth, and Tauranga among others (McLaren 2010). The two methods were the main techniques of collecting information, which was later analysed and presented in tables, graphs and percentages. The Strengths of Using Questionnaires The use of questionnaires ensures that the researcher does not leave out any concern outlined in the objectives with an aim of achieving the results from the field. They are also convenient in areas where community members are literate. One may need to be able to read and understand before filling in the answers. In this regard, a research assistant can help a respondent in reading and interpreting the questions to the respondent, in order to obtain answers to fill in the questionnaire (Frick 2009). Further, questionnaires could be translated into a different language by the researcher and still maintain the same thoroughness in its approach to answering each question, related to the objectives of the research (Frick 2009). Another advantage of using questionnaires is that the data obtained can be easily fed into analytical systems such as SPSS, to provide presentable information, which can provide the trends and the situation on the ground. This was the case for this particular rese arch. In regard to weaknesses first, it is clear that questionnaires are quite time consuming and may need a lot of time to fill in (Frick 2009). In this case, the researcher approximate that the questionnaire or the interview would take 40 minutes with little disruptions. However, this means that those who cannot be first enough in answering the questions would take more than an hour. The long time taken to interview an individual would need the researcher to only interview or serve the respondents with questionnaires when they have little commitments such as work. For interviews, it is clear that they also must have taken a long time for respondents in households. Sometimes interviews are affected by a language barrier (Toot et al 2015). In the areas identified for this social research on attitudes, values and beliefs on violence, it is clear that some respondents may not be good in expressing themselves in English. Therefore, a need to translate into ones convenient language could make an individual to be skipped by research assistants, or find a research assistant, familiar with an individuals own preferred language. Even so, interviews are crucial, as they help in substituting questionnaires, where they may not be necessary and/or effective (Toot et al 2015). Interviews help in collecting first hand information for the respondents and if an audio is used in this case, a researcher can be able to read it and transcribe it later, into actual responses in the preferred language, in line with the questionnaires. The use of interviews was crucial in this case, as some of the community members would want to share more crucial information regarding violence in families (Toot et al 2015). Being a sensitive aspect in society, talking to individuals who might have at one point, been involved in family feuds leading to violence could b viewed by the individual as an opportunity to share their problems and feel relieved. The interviews and questionnaires could still work as awareness creation tools through using a whole set of inquiries on the less talked about topic in society; violence in families. Theref ore, the choice of questionnaires and face-to-face interview by the Centre for Social Research and Evaluation was quite appropriate for this research. Evaluation of Ethical considerations This research considered five main principles of research ethics. One of the principles indicates that there is need to minimize the risk of harm. In this regard, the research questionnaires and the interviews included questions that could not directly bring any emotional harm to the respondents, who were the sample population of the New Zealanders according to Jacobsen (2011). Thus, direct confrontational questions were adjusted into properly crafted quizzes, where an individual could just respond to them without being angered and/or feeling targeted. The second principle of research ethics states that there is need to obtain an informed consent (Jacobsen2011). The Centre for Social Research and Evaluation sought the permission of authorities in the areas mentioned above, to allow the researchers to collect information legally. Further, the household respondents were asked to volunteer in their response, without coercion. It was ones own choice to accept to be respondents, on the request of the researcher on family violence attitudes, beliefs and values in New Zealand. Thirdly, the need to protect anonymity was taken care of as indicated by the researchers. It is important to assure respondents of their privacy, and their information must not be shared with anyone, except for research analysis purposes (Lewis 2010). The researcher asked the respondents to give their names at will (Sachs 2010). However, those who did not want to indicate their names were asked to at least, indicate the area they came from for analytical reasons. Further, the researchers avoided any deceptive practices in seeking for information from the public (Sachs 2010). Similarly, the respondents were asked not to include any false information, as it would render the study inaccurate. The last principle in regard to the need to provide an individual respondent or group the right to withdraw from taking part in the research (Sachs 2010). As stated above, the researcher allowed the respondents to give responses at will. Those who accepted to be interviewed or served with the questionnaires did so at their own will. Thus, those who would wish to withdraw were left out in order to concentrate on willing respondents. Summary of the Findings The survey brought out different results in regard to the attitudes, the values n the believes of New Zealand citizens on violence that occurs within families. The first finding was that majority of the respondents strongly believed that violence in families, was not as a solution to particular misunderstandings. In this regard, they indicated that there are many options, which one could use to solve misunderstandings, since it is normal for family members to at one point or the other misunderstand each other (McLaren 2010). Among the options, include seeking advice from friends and family, reporting some cases to authorities that could be extreme and/or solving one on one through talking out the issue, especially in intimate relationships. Secondly, the study established that majority of the respondents had attitudes which were in support of the equality of men and women in a given relationship (McLaren 2010). Therefore, there is need for mutual agreements in regard to different crucial decisions in relationships. When there are issues to be addressed therefore, each party must be considered equal, and not inferior. This is because the later breeds violence due to misunderstandings that crop up in families and in other intimate relationships between men and women. Thirdly, the study established that all respondents strongly indicated that they believed that all members of society suffer negative outcomes from violence. These include women, men, elderly in society, and children. Injuries could be sustained; emotional suffering including mental complications among other effects develop as a result of violence. In extreme cases, violence leads to deaths of partners, children or generally family members (McLaren 2010). Another finding related to this was that most of the respondents indicated that they were not in agreement that violence is only harmful when there is physical injury. This myth was refuted by majority of these respondents indicating that they were aware of other effects of violence mentioned above. Another finding was that majority of the respondents indicated that it remains the responsibility of the community to support the members to be violence-free and develop relationships with their intimate partners, the elderly parents and the children. Even so, competing beliefs were noted, indicating that what happened in ones home is a private issue. However, there were competing beliefs held by the same respondents that what happens in any given home is a private issue (McLaren 2010). The study established that most community members were willing to take action in times of family violence, except where they thought it was none off their business to take a particular action, to subvert any family violence, away from their own homes. Extent to Which the Conclusions and/or Recommendations Are Well-Founded and Justified The research concludes and recommends first that there is need for education in order to change different beliefs regarding violence and at the same time, emphasize that there should be no excuses to be given for a lack of control and a choice for violence in resolving issues. This statement is well founded according to Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2008), since majority of advocacy groups on violence indicate that educating individuals in intimate relationships and communities on violence is a huge step towards changing their attitudes towards the issue. In regard to the effects of violence, the Centre for Social Research and Evaluation recommends that New Zealanders need to be educated on how to support victims to leave violent relationships and ensure that each of the victims is safe. This recommendation is justified, since people need to be aware of the reasons that influence women for instance, to remain in violent relationships (Adams 2007). This could help the community to understand how to support these individuals, even at the time they need to leave the relationship, if the partner or assailant continues with the misbehavior. The researcher further recommends the use of mass media campaigns to end violence in homes. This is a justified approach as mass media is far reaching, than any other campaigns aimed at educating individuals against the continuously reported cases of violence (Adams 2007). The media will help also to notify the assaulters the penalties they could face if handed to the authorities and charged in New Zealand courts of law. Research Context Implications for the Research Process Outcomes Since the research takes a social context, the research processes including the methodologies used in gathering information have been tailor-made to suit the respondents an obtain the outcomes that reflect the actual situation on the ground. The context of the study considers that the researchers use the appropriate language, structure the questions that are in line with research ethics, and indulge the respondents professionally in the interviews. Further, the context of the research calls for the need to involve authorities for permission, and high-level professionalism. Violence in families is regarded as a sensitive issue and a researcher may not be sure whether the respondent has been exposed to it at one point in their homes. Thus, the context influences generally, the choice of methods of data collection, and the presentation of the outcomes to the public. References Fleur McLaren (2010) Attitudes, Values and Beliefs about Violence within Families 2008 Survey Findings. Centre for Social Research and Evaluation. ISBN 978-0-478-32359-7 Adams, D (2007). Why Do They Kill? Men who murder their intimate partners. Violence Against Women; 14, 727. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2008). Strategic Direction for Intimate Partner Violence Prevention: Promoting Respectful, Nonviolent Intimate Partner Relationships through Individual, Community and Societal Change. https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/IPV_Strategic_Direction_One-Pager-a.pdf Cercone, J J,Beach, S R H, Arias, I (2005). Gender symmetry in dating intimate partner violence: Does similar behavior imply similar constructs? Violence and Victims, 20(2), 207-218. Chamberland, C, Fortin, A, Laporte, J (2007). Men's recognition of violence against women and spousal abuse: comparison of three groups of men. Violence and Victims, 22(4), 419-436. Fanslow, J (2005). Beyond Zero Tolerance: Key issues and future directions for family violence work in New Zealand. The report for the Families Commission, Wellington, New Zealand. Fanslow, J L Robinson, E M (in press). Help-seeking behaviors and reasons for help seeking reported by a representative sample of women victims of intimate partner violence in New Zealand. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Flood, M Pease, B (2006). The Factors Influencing Community Attitudes in Relation to Violence against Women: A Critical Review of the Literature Paper Three of the Violence against Women Community Attitudes Project. Mental Health and Wellbeing Unit, Victoria Health Promotion Foundation, Melbourne. Jacobsen, K. (2011). Research Ethics: Principles, Practices, and Reporting. World Medical Health Policy, 3(2), 40-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1948-4682.1161 Lewis, J. (2010). Ethics Principles for Social Science Research: Report of a Meeting on 22 March 2010 Jointly Sponsored by AREC, the Social Research Association and the Academy of Social Sciences. Research Ethics, 6(2), 56-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174701611000600206 SACHS, B. (2010). Going from principles to rules in research ethics. Bioethics, 25(1), 9-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01744.x Frick, K. (2009). Microcosting Quantity Data Collection Methods. Medical Care, 47(Supplement), S76-S81. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e31819bc064 Toot, J., Pringle, T., Berkley, K., Simons, M., Atterson, P. (2015). Manual versus automated data collection: Evaluation of a modified testing paradigm and learning/memory endpoints using a complex water T-maze in juvenile rats. Journal Of Pharmacological And Toxicological Methods, 75, 163-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2015.08.021

What are you going to be free essay sample

I remember career day back in my old elementary school. The teacher told us to pick our future career and to come in dressed up. There were firefighters, astronauts, and doctors as far as the eye could see. My career choice back then was to be a veterinarian, like so many of many fellow classmates. Yet as I got older, the answer to the career choice got harder and harder. My future career changed throughout middle school and through high school. Even now when asked about my future, I have no reply. Right now I am at the point when I’m supposed to have a decisive goal and objective for the rest of my life. Although countless amounts of students have made this choice before me, it is not an easy one. It is difficult to imagine myself in the future because I cannot predict what the future will hold. We will write a custom essay sample on What are you going to be? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am only 17 years old. I have not experienced the world yet. I have lived in my â€Å"safety bubble† for 17 years, my friends and family to guide me through tough choices and issues. But this choice is not something I can ask them to do. I know about the world its problems and difficulties, but that is not the same as experiencing it for myself. I do not know what I will be in the future but, I have an idea. I want to take this idea and mold it to my surroundings. I want to face the world head on with this idea and see where it will take me. Whether the outcome is failure or success, I don’t know. If failure is my result than I will adapt my idea for another attempt. I will mold and bend to the world but not break. This tactic is not perfect but it will help define myself and find my place in the world. So the next time someone asks â€Å"What are you going to be†, my answer is simple. â€Å"Let’s just wait and see.†

the bachae essays

the bachae essays The Bacchae In the story, The Bacchae The dramatic conflict is how Pentheus goes against the nature and ways of Dionysus and his followers. Pentheus is an ignorant king who believes that he is the all-powerful and that Dionysus is not a god. Pentheus actually states to his father that Dionysus is no god. When he is confronted by Dionysus(The Stranger) he is ignorant and doubtful of his godliness. He is soon killed because of his ignorance. Throughout the story Pentheus makes the mistake of doubting Dionysus. Pentheus first states his ignorance when he tells his father that Dionysus is no god. Well, we know what happened to that little shoot: sizzled by a thunderbolt along with mother and her lie-she had the nerve to name Zeus the father as her lover. What Gall! What effrontery!(87.245) Pentheus ignorance is self-destruction all the way from the beginning of the play. Another big part of the conflict is when Dionysus (The Stranger) and Pentheus meet for the first time. Pentheus attitude was like he was the most powerful and that The Stranger was nothing. Even When The Stranger told him that Dionysus was a god and born to Zeus Pentheus still seemed ignorant. There is a conversation between them that shows Pentheus thoughts toward Dionysus, Ill shut your carcass up-oh, safe in prison. Dionysus says, And when I wish, the God himself will set me free. Pentheus then replies, Indeed? When you stand among your bacchants, begging.(94.495) Pentheus ignorance and thought of invincibility show another cause of his destruction. Pentheus has such hatred for Dionysus that he is blind to realize that Dionysus is a god. Pentheus soon finds himself believing that all Dionysus stands for is wrong. He even believes that the women with Dionysus are devils. His destruction is now upon hand and the he goes into the ...

British Airways Cuts Expenditures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

British Airways Cuts Expenditures - Essay Example This contest will be open to all; however, the entries should be coupled with at least a round-trip ticket for the last 3 months and for the succeeding months. Particularly, it should be a story telling about taking off to new heights in life-may it be a flying story of a person who decided to leave his family to study or work abroad or simply conquering the fear of heights. 1. The target audience is mainly the loyal customers of British Airways. This is comprised of the people who have become a priced possession for the company. Thus, it is very important to protect them from the negative impact of bad publications, which means that they should always have a good impression towards the company. 3. The promotional budget is just small for this promotion as there is not much equipment necessary for the production. Collection of the entries can just be placed in British Airways ticketing offices. 4. "Your message strategy consists of a positioning statement and three support points. They address key target market problems by stating a benefit; i.e. why the target market should care about your product, service or company. A message strategy can be extremely detailed and is like a recipe for all marketing communication" (Lawson Abinanti).

Press release critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Press release critique - Essay Example Change, variety, and diversity are critical as far as art is concerned, an aspect that makes the release vital to the academic, community, and social fraternity. Media outlets approachable with this release include, but are not limited to, online platforms, print media, and the broadcast media. This is because the highlights made in the release are appealing to the intended audience. The release is purposeful and driven by an identifiable goal to display and position â€Å"Kora† in the contemporary artwork. In this respect, the lead works because it does not only present Liou’s masterwork, but also adds variety and diversity to contemporary art. At a personal level, the release is interesting because it brings into perspective both â€Å"Kora† and Mount Kailash. While many people may not pay attention to the two, it is captivating to learn about both â€Å"Kora† and Mount Kailash with respect to the ‘State of the Art’ Show. However, the press release fails to capture personal inspiration or motivation behind Professor Liou pursuing the â€Å"Kora† from an artistic point of view. Amid this, the length of the release was appropriate because all the information presented is relevant to the subject matter. Finally, the following questions emerge after reading the

To His Coy Mistress Essay Example for Free

To His Coy Mistress Essay â€Å"To his coy Mistress† is poem written by Andrew Marvell, and this is one of his best poems ever. Author used Carpe Diem, very interesting style of writing poetry. In this poem he describes his life and how he wanted a more time with special woman. â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† is poem which is written by Peter de Vries. He also in his poem used many things that are like in Marvell’s poem â€Å"To his coy Mistress. The first sentence is same in both poem, so many writers considered that his story is copy of the Marvell’s â€Å"To his coy Mistress†. The first poem has three stanzas, and we can see that author in this poem want tell us that all he wants is more time to him and his love. The major role in this poem has woman, who is more or less young, and an old man. In the first stanza the old man describes how he would love her, but it is not enough time for everything he wants. He also talks about how he could spend much time with her so that he can watch and admire each part of her body. His love is so big, so he says that her refusal would not affect on him because he is diligent in what he wants. In the second stanza he recalls how short human life is, and that we don’t have much time to do all things which we want. He thinks that everyone should enjoy in life, and do everything what they want. If we have opportunity for something we mustn’t miss it, because we could regret later. The last stanza talked about how he urges her to comply, claiming that in loving each other with passion they will make the most of the time they have to live. The second poem â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† is written by Peter de Vries. Peter de Vries was an American editor and novelist known for his satiric wit. His poem â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† has two stanzas. On the beginning of the first stanza we can see that the first sentence is the same like in Marvell’s â€Å"To his Coy Mistress†. So we can say that Peter de Vries poem is meant to mock Andrew Marvells To Coy His Mistress. Peter’s poem talked about having a mistress. The author describes a man who has a wife but also he has a mistress. His wife accepts him as it is, because she loved him. The material things are the most important thing in his life and he doesn’t see anything except that. All his time he devoted her mistress and forgets about his wife. He bought her many expensive things, and thoughts that he can with that things attract any woman. But on the end he realized that his wife is the only who was loved him all that time. On the end of this poem we can conclude that his wife beat his mistress and she was able to return to her husband. â€Å"To his coy Mistress† is a metaphysical poem, which is written in iambic tetrameter. He also used metaphors, irony and in the first part of the poem the speaker appeals to the character, in the second part he expresses his emotions, and in the third part the speaker uses reason. The setting for this story is very important because in this poem we have two layers of setting, the setting which we imagine and setting which speaker imagines. In the second poem the speaker also used symbols, irony and metaphors. Both stories tell about mistress, and the first sentences are same in both poems. So we can say that the Peter’s poem is a parody of Marvell’s â€Å"To his Coy Mistress†. De Vries’s used the same structure and metaphors like Marvell in his poem. There are a many similarities, but there are also differences. â€Å"To his importunate Mistress† shows stereotypical characteristics, the most important thing in life is money, while â€Å"To his coy Mistress† speaks of love and praise. In the first poem the author used carpe diem, which describes the passion of society.

Ancient Celtic Mythology: A Vision of Gods and Goddesses :: Religion

Ancient Celtic Mythology: A Vision of Gods and Goddesses Upon investigating the supernatural reality that the Celts endured, it is necessary to somewhat overlook the myths to see what lies behind them. It is essential to find when and from where the myths originated and how true the storytellers, or narrators, really are. The Celtic gods and goddesses, in such an early mythological time defined as a period when beings lived or events happened such as one no longer sees in our days (Sjoestedt 1994: 2), require much analysis. A diverse collection of documents, literature and archaeology pave the way to our understanding of the ancient mythology of the Celts. However, these traces lack a sense of closure, leaving the investigation into the nature of these gods and goddesses raw and incomplete. The evidence of the Celtic deities exists in various forms, but the information that we have collected leaves unanswered questions. For instance, in analysing the recorded documents left behind by the Greeks and Romans, we are called to cast some doubt on how closely the Celtic religious rites paralleled those of their classical neighbours. We survey recorded religious practices with apprehension, as we are not truly sure that the Celts too worshipped family gods and a mass of deities who covered all aspects of life.1 How do we know that we are not just reading materials reflecting the Graeco-Roman myths? Is it not plausible that these Greek and Roman writers installed some bias, leaning towards their mythological ideas, within their testimony? The speculation surrounding all of the varied pieces of evidence is just. From the abundance of evidence, though, we can be sure that the Celts believed in a multiplicity of deities. It is apparent that the existence of gods and goddesses in Celtic society was quite a serious affair and an everyday business. However, when focusing on the exact nature of such gods and goddesses, it seems only fair to attempt to construct an overview of the character of each deity. Reconstructing the evidence might be too hopeful because the conclusions would come from mere ignorance and be partially based on what we still do not know. From here we can only address the different types of evidence that piece together the very nature of the Celtic gods and goddesses, but the mixed and slightly unreliable evidence is certainly not easy to sort. The literary evidence for the existence of deities in Celtic religion is one source that reveals the character of the individual gods and goddesses.

LTG. Timothy J. Maude.

Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was killed on September 11th 2001 in Pentagon attack. He had been serving as Deputy Chief of staff for Personnel in the army. He was born on 18th November 1947 in Indianapolis in India. His long character of understanding human spirit will never be forgotten. According to him, the well being of civilians, veterans, families, retirees, and soldiers was determined by the concept of readiness within the force. The success within the army with a component of oneness was a standard that defined human nature which fostered a great attribute to him in providing and understanding of this phenomenon. According to him, the current young generations were aimed at providing a greater capacity than oneself which could oblige them in the aspect of duty as their most noble endeavor for the country. (http://www.maudefoundation.org/aboutTim.html) The future of the US army is to be influenced by his contributions and values in support of humanity founded on the influence of the army personnel. He had great love for his soldiers which even led to great sigh of devotion in the deepest and most genuine capacity. His long love trailed in the soldiers, the army and the whole country. In every of his action, commitment for his duty was cheerfully reflected. His death left many of his compassionate activities, contributions and values he exercised for the good of the country. His contribution as a G-1 officer remains remarkable in remembrance. He had a vision for the people in providing transformation through giving adequate standards for the persons providing human resource in the army. This is an aspect worth of emulation by others. (http://www.maudefoundation.org/aboutTim.html) He’s adequate affection and love of the people, army and country is perhaps the greatest epoch of values which the future commanders and army personnel should emulate. He serviced the cost of his roles with integrity which was occupied by his great will of revolution to provide the will and the good image of the country. According to him, his generosity in duty performance served to support the fundamental objectives allied to the G-1 occupation; well being, the force and the personnel. Generally, it was great for the Maude and the future army activity should emulate his advocacy. As a warrant officer 1 in the army the actions, values and contributions of Maude should never be evaded. At one level, his love for the country, the army, the soldiers and the families should act as an example to other warranty officers. Elsewhere, his transformation attitude for the army personnel to a better personality is a key element of emulation. Nevertheless, he had a great vow in developing the human resource capacity through a good leadership model which should also be a character and value of emulation by other personnel. Bibliography. The Maude Foundation. About Tim. Retrieved on 22nd March 2008 from,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.maudefoundation.org/aboutTim.html      

Anne Sexton Poetry as Therapy Essay - 1439 Words

Anne Sexton: Poetry as Therapy Many great literary and artistic geniuses have been troubled with deep depression and mental illness. Anne Sexton is an example of a poet with such problems who used her personal despair to inspire her poetic works. Not all of Sextons work is based solely on her mental health; but a good portion of her work is influenced by her constant bouts with depression. As she struggled to deal with her own marital infidelity and the problems associated with being a female poet in a male dominated genre, she combined the theme of depression with one based on the roles of women in society. In turn, she gained a wider audience and received recognition for her work. But all the fame and fortune were not enough to†¦show more content†¦Anne married Alfred Muller Sexton II, or Kayo as he was affectionately called, in 1948, despite the fact that she was engaged to another man at this time (Middlebrooke 20-23). Anne did some modeling at the beginning of their marriage and the couple lived with Kayos parents for the first few years. Annes infidelity began early in her marriage to Kayo. She fell in love with a friend of hers and Kayos named Johnny who was a medical student at Harvard. Despite the fact that she claimed the relationship never got physical, the damage was already done. The couple did not divorce but this was just the beginning of Annes repeated marital infidelity (Kumin xix). Anne had many affairs while Kayo was off fighting in the Korean war despite warnings from her mother. It was around this time that Anne first began seeing a psychiatrist (Middlebrook 20-29). When Kayo returned home from the war, life for the couple went fairly back to normal. They had their first child in 1953. After the birth of their child, Annes mental state when from bad to worse. Anne was constantly in a state of panic and worry about her children and hated being left alone with them. The last straw was when Annes great aunt died in 1958. Anne attempted suicide by taking an overdose of Nebutal sleeping pills shortly thereafter. After this incident, her visits to the psychiatrist became more frequent and involved. Dr. Martin Orne, one of Annes psychiatrists, began encouraging her to write poetry as aShow MoreRelatedCreativity vs. Psychological Health of Anne Sexton1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthat suicide is considered and often attempted. When the poem writing by Anne Sexton entitled Her Kind you can closely compare how Anne’s mental health affected her poetry and how her poetry affected her mental health. The American Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Anne Sexton took her own life in 1974 via carbon monoxide poisoning before reaching the age of fifty. Her life and work are especially interesting because her poetry was clearly tied to her own psychiatric treatment. 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With controversial subjects at the time such as death, trauma, depression and how relationships impacted people, confessional poetry carved a gateway for private subjects and feelings to be expressed through autobiographical writing. The inspiration behind confessional poetry was the therapy it brought to the writer, being able to take personal experiences and thoughtsRead MoreAnne Sexton2598 Words   |  11 PagesAnne Sexton believed that the most interesting poetry was written out of personal experience. Everything she had been through, her hospitalization, her affairs, her insanity, the loss of her parents, and great-aunt, gave her things to write about. She uses poetry as one of her outlet. She writes out her problems. Her writing was a part of her therapy. As a child, Anne Sexton had to be the center of attention, a demanding child (Self-Portrait in Letter 3). When Anne was younger, she thoughtRead MoreEssay about Influential Poets of the Beat Generation1460 Words   |  6 PagesBeat Poets of that Generation of writers were Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti. The Beat Generation poetry was the first poets to write about non-conventional subjects as well as using different forms of expression in their works. This generation of poets greatly influenced poets such as Anne Sexton, who wrote about personal experiences as well. The Beat Generation’s style of poetry have influenced many generations of poets after them. The Beat Generation of Poets started in the 1950s andRead MoreAnalysis Of Sylvia Plath s Poem, She Stripped Away The Polite Veneer1590 Words   |  7 Pageslandscape of poetry by illustrating the potential for it to be a deeply personal art form. In an article dedicated to the memories of Sylvia Plath, Margaret Rees writes: â€Å"She stripped away the polite veneer. She let her writing express elemental forces and primeval fears. In doing so, she laid bare the contradictions that tore apart appearance and hinted at some of the tensions hovering just beneath the surface of the American way of life in the post war period.† As Rees shows, Plath’s poetry broughtRead MoreSylvia Plaths Personality, Perspective, And Poetry1810 Words   |  8 PagesOn October 27, 1932, a dramatic metamorphosis was born into the poetry and literature world. This revolution was Sylvia Plath. Born to Otto Plath, a German immigrant who became a graduated college professor, and one of his students , Aurelia Schober, she would soon become one of the most influential writers of her era. However, early in her life, her father died of diabetes mellitus. This was a common form of diabetes that was easily treated in that time period, but her father had allowed ignoranceRead MoreThe Taboo Of Silence3339 Words   |  14 PagesPlath’s ‘Ariel’ (1966) collection it is the brutality of the reoccurring ‘Holocaust metaphor’ and pastiche to confessional poets such Anne Sexton that asserts the argument of both faith and mental illness being a personal relationship with the self and effectively a struggle with identity, effecting relationships with others which is expressed both in Plath’s own poetry such as ‘The Applicant’ and in Ted Hughes ‘Birthday Letters’ in poems such as ‘Fever’ . Within McEwan’s ‘Enduring Love’ (1997) it is